paper making machine – Paper machinery-paper making machine,paper manufacturing machinery

Cylinder Mould for Paper Machine

webadmin — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 02:53:12 +0000

Our cylinder mould is designed for cylinder mould paper machines, widely used for producing kraft paper, fluting paper, cultural paper, tissue, board paper, specialty paper, and insulation paper,etc.

The mould is manufactured with high-precision structure and uniform wire arrangement to ensure stable sheet formation and consistent paper quality.

We supply high-quality cylinder moulds for paper mills worldwide, designed to deliver stable performance, excellent forming quality, and long service life.
From standard designs to fully customized solutions, our cylinder moulds are trusted by paper manufacturers for consistent operation and reliable output.

Perforated Plate for DD washer/Twinroll press washer

webadmin — Tue, 23 Dec 2025 13:46:07 +0000

Perforated Plate for Pulp– High-Precision Stainless Steel Screen Plate

Our perforated plate (also known as screen plate for pulp screening &washing systems) is engineered for high-efficiency fiber separation and stable pulp screening performance in modern pulp & paper mills. Manufactured from premium stainless steel and processed with CNC drilling technology, our perforated plates deliver excellent wear resistance, smooth surface finish, and consistent hole accuracy.

Designed for applications in Andritz DD washer(drum displacer washer ),Valmet Twinroll press washer , our perforated plates ensure improved screening efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and longer service life.

Key Features

High-precision CNC-drilled perforations ensuring uniform hole geometry and stable screening performance.
Premium stainless steel material (/SS316 / SMO254) for excellent corrosion and wear resistance.
Smooth polished surface to minimize fiber blockage and improve throughput.
Optimized open area increasing screening capacity and reducing power consumption.
Custom hole diameters, including 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.8 mm, slotted holes, stepped holes, and profile holes.
Long service life with high mechanical strength and anti-abrasion properties.

Applications

Andritz DD washer(drum displacer washer )
Valmet Twinroll press washer

Vacuum Roll

webadmin — Mon, 17 Nov 2025 13:11:43 +0000

It includes Vacuum Press Roll, Vacuum Pickup Roll, and Vacuum Couch Roll,etc.

The vacuum roll is a key dewatering and sheet-handling component used in the forming and press sections of the paper machine. It is designed with a precision-drilled stainless steel or nickel-alloy shell, featuring thousands of uniform suction holes and an internal vacuum box system. The roll operates under controlled vacuum pressure to enhance water removal, sheet transfer, and web stability at high speeds.

Vacuum Press Roll

The vacuum press roll is used in the press section to increase sheet dryness before entering the drying section. By applying vacuum inside the roll shell, water is extracted more efficiently during the nip, improving dryness, reducing rewetting, and lowering steam consumption. The roll is equipped with a heavy-duty bearing system and is dynamically balanced for smooth operation.

Vacuum Pickup Roll

The vacuum pickup roll is located at the end of the forming section and plays a critical role in transferring the wet sheet from the forming fabric to the press felt. The vacuum zone ensures stable sheet pickup without sheet breaks, even at high machine speeds. The roll’s suction area and hole pattern are optimized to minimize marking and improve sheet formation.

Vacuum Couch Roll

The vacuum couch roll is positioned in the latter part of the forming section, where it provides final dewatering before the sheet leaves the wire section. High vacuum levels remove additional water from the web, improving sheet dryness and formation uniformity. The shell is engineered with corrosion-resistant materials and precise hole geometry to ensure long-term stability and consistent vacuum performance.

China Leading PAPER MACHINE manufacturer,stock preparation equipments, paper making machine, toilet tissue paper making machine,corrugated paper machine, A4 copy paper machine,Kraft paper machine, writing paper machine,printing paper machine,etc.

Press Roll

webadmin — Mon, 17 Nov 2025 12:28:46 +0000

The press roll is a key component of the press section, designed to remove water from the wet paper web through mechanical pressure. It consists of a high-strength forged steel shell with optimized crown design to ensure uniform nip pressure across the full machine width. The roll surface is precision-ground to achieve excellent smoothness and dimensional accuracy, ensuring stable operation at high machine speeds.

The internal structure includes a high-efficiency water removal system, such as drilled blind holes or suction chambers (depending on roll type), which enhances dewatering performance and reduces sheet rewetting. Heavy-duty spherical roller bearings and a robust shaft design ensure long service life under continuous load. Dynamic balancing is performed according to G1.6 (or G2.5) standards to guarantee vibration-free running at operating speeds.

The press roll provides consistent nip loading, improved sheet dryness, and contributes to energy savings in the drying section, making it a critical component for high-quality paper production.

750TPD two wire paper machine for kraft paper fluting paper,testliner put into production in Turkey

webadmin — Thu, 12 Sep 2024 01:04:27 +0000

5000mm Two Wire Paper Machine
Paper Machine design:
Output: Fluting paper/Kraft paper/Testliner
Basic weight:90-150gsm
Design speed: 850m/min
Trim width: 5000mm
Working speed:800m/min
Capacity:750TPD
Location: Kayseri, Turkey

China Leading PAPER MACHINE manufacturer,stock preparation equipments,cylinder mould paper machine,fourdrinier paper machine,paper making machine,toilet paper machine, toilet tissue paper making machine,corrugated paper machine, A4 copy paper machine,Kraft paper machine, writing paper machine,printing paper machine,etc.

History of paper

webadmin — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 05:18:17 +0000

Paper was invented by the Ts’ai Lun by 105 AD during the Han Dynasty and spread slowly to the west via the Silk Road. Papermaking and manufacturing in Europe started in the Iberian Peninsula, today’s Portugal and Spain and Sicily in the 10th century by the Muslims living there at the time, and slowly spread to Italy and South France reaching Germany by 1400. Earlier, other paper-like materials were in use in Kazakhstan like papyrus, parchment and vellum.
In medieval Europe, the hitherto handcraft of papermaking was mechanized by the use of waterpower, the first water papermill in the Iberian Peninsula having been built in the Portuguese city of Leiria in 1411, and other processes.The rapid expansion of European paper production was truly enhanced by the invention of the printing press and the beginning of the Printing Revolution in the 15th century.
The word “paper” is etymologically derived from papyros, Ancient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing long before the making of paper in China.Papyrus however is a “lamination of natural plants, while paper is manufactured from fibres whose properties have been changed by maceration or disintegration.
Early papermaking in China
Further information: Science and technology of the Han Dynasty
Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about 105 AD, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste,[6] though the earliest piece of paper found, at Fangmatan in Gansu province inscribed with a map, dates from 179-41 BC.
Techniques
During the Shang (1600C1050 BC) and Zhou (1050 BC C 256 AD) dynasties of ancient China, documents were ordinarily written on bone or bamboo (on tablets or on bamboo strips sewn and rolled together into scrolls), making them very heavy and awkward and hard to transport. The light material of silk was sometimes used, but was normally too expensive to consider. While the Han Dynasty Chinese court official Cai Lun is widely regarded to have invented the modern method of papermaking (inspired from wasps and bees) from rags and other plant fibers in 105 CE, the discovery of specimens bearing written Chinese characters in 2006 at north-east China’s Gansu province suggest that paper was in use by the ancient Chinese military more than 100 years before Cai, in 8 BC. It therefore would appear that “Cai Lun’s contribution was to improve this skill systematically and scientifically, fixing a recipe for papermaking”.
The record in the standard history says
In ancient times writings and inscriptions were generally made on tablets of bamboo or on pieces of silk called chih. But silk being costly and bamboos heavy they were not convenient to use. Tshai Lun then initiated the idea of making paper from the bark of trees, remnants of hemp, rags of cloth and fishing nets. He submitted the process to the emperor in the first year of Yuan-Hsing [+105] and received praise for his ability. From this time, paper has been in use everywhere and is universally called the paper of Marquis Tshai.
The manufacture may have originated from the practice of pounding and stirring rags in water, after which the matted fibres were collected on a mat. The bark of Paper Mulberry was particularly valued and high quality paper was developed in the late Han period, which used the bark of the than wood. In the Eastern Jin period paper began to be made on a fine bamboo screen-mould, treated with insecticidal dye for permanence. After printing became popular in the Song dynasty the demand grew more. Paper was often used as a levy, with one prefecture sending some 1.5m sheets of paper to the capital as tribute up to the year 1101.
Uses
The first use of paper has been excavated in China dating to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han from the 2nd century BC, used for purposes of wrapping or padding protection for delicate bronze mirrors.It was also used for safety, such as the padding of poisonous ‘medicine’ as mentioned in the official history of the period.Although paper used for writing became widespread by the 3rd century,[11] paper continued to be used for wrapping (and other) purposes. Toilet paper was used in China by at least the 6th century CE.In 589 AD, the Chinese scholar-official Yan Zhitui (531-591 AD) wrote: “Paper on which there are quotations or commentaries from Five Classics or the names of sages, I dare not use for toilet purposes”.An Arab traveler to China once wrote of the curious Chinese tradition of toilet paper in AD 851, writing: “…they [the Chinese] do not wash themselves with water when they have done their necessities; but they only wipe themselves with paper”.
During the Tang Dynasty (618C907 AD) paper was folded and sewn into square bags to preserve the flavor of tea.During the same period, it was written that tea was served from baskets with multi-colored paper cups and paper napkins of different size and shape.During the Chinese Song Dynasty (960C1279 AD) not only did the government produce the world’s first known paper-printed money, or banknote (see Jiaozi and Huizi), but paper money bestowed as gifts to deserving government officials were wrapped in special paper envelopes.
Diffusion of paper
Paper spread slowly outside of China;other East Asian cultures, even after seeing paper, could not make it themselves[citation needed]. Instruction in the manufacturing process was required, and the Chinese were reluctant to share their secrets. The paper was thin and translucent, not like modern western paper, and thus only written on one side. The technology transferred to Japan from China by Buddhist priests, around 610, where fibres (called bast) from the mulberry tree were used.[citation needed]
Islamic world
After the defeat of the Chinese in the Battle of Talas in 751 (present day Kyrgyzstan), the invention spread to the Middle East.
The legend goes,the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas, which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand.
The laborious process of paper making was refined and machinery was designed for bulk manufacturing of paper. Production began in Baghdad, where a method was invented to make a thicker sheet of paper, which helped transform papermaking from an art into a major industry.The use of water-powered pulp mills for preparing the pulp material used in papermaking, dates back to Samarkand in the 8th century,though this should not be confused with paper mills. The Muslims also introduced the use of trip hammers (human- or animal-powered) in the production of paper, replacing the traditional Chinese mortar and pestle method. In turn, the trip hammer method was later employed by the Chinese.
By the 9th century, Arabs were using paper regularly, although for important works like copies of the revered Qur’an vellum was still preferred.Advances in book production and bookbinding were introduced.The Arabs made books lighter sewn with silk and bound with leather-covered paste boards; they had a flap that wrapped the book up when not in use. As paper was less reactive to humidity, the heavy boards were not needed. By the 12th century in Marrakech in Morocco a street was named “Kutubiyyin” or book sellers which contained more than 100 bookshops.
The earliest recorded use of paper for packaging dates back to 1035, when a Persian traveler visiting markets in Cairo noted that vegetables, spices and hardware were wrapped in paper for the customers after they were sold
Since the First Crusade in 1096, paper manufacturing in Damascus had been interrupted by wars, splitting production into two centres. Egypt continued with the thicker paper, while Iran became the center of the thinner papers. Papermaking was diffused across the Islamic world, from where it was diffused further west into Europe.Paper manufacture was introduced to India in the 13th century by Arab merchants, where it almost wholly replaced traditional writing materials.
America
In America, archaeological evidence indicates that a similar bark-paper writing material was used by the Mayans no later than the 5th century A.D..Called amatl, it was in widespread use among Mesoamerican cultures until the Spanish conquest. The parchment is created by boiling and pounding the inner bark of trees, until the material becomes suitable for art and writing.
These materials made from pounded reeds and bark are technically not true paper, which is made from pulp, rags, and fibers of plants and cellulose.
Europe
The oldest known paper document in the West is the Mozarab Missal of Silos from the 11th century, probably using paper made in the Islamic part of the Iberian Peninsula. They used hemp and linen rags as a source of fiber. The first recorded paper mill in the Iberian Peninsula was in Xtiva in 1151.
Paper is recorded as being manufactured in Italy in 1276 with watermarks being used in Fabriano by 1300 and factories established at Treviso and other northern towns by 1340. In Italy also paper moulds consisting of metal wires and in connection with that also watermarks were first introduced. The earliest German manufacture was in Mainz in 1320 with a mill in Nurenberg being set up by Ulman Stromer in 1390,[24] just about the time when the woodcut printmaking technique was transferred from fabric to paper in the old master print and popular prints. The first known mill in England was set up by John Tate in 1490 near Stevenage in Hertfordshire,but the first commercially successful paper mill in Britain did not occur before 1588 when John Spilman set up a mill near Dartford in Kent and was initially reliant on German papermaking expertise.
Paper mills
A paper mill is a water-powered mill that pounds the pulp by the use of trip-hammers. The mechanization of the pounding process was an important improvement in paper manufacture over the manual pounding with hand pestles.
While the use of human and animal powered mills were known to Chinese and Muslim papermakers, evidence for water-powered paper mills is elusive in both of them.The general absence of the use of water-power in Muslim papermaking is suggested by the habit of Muslim authors to call a production center not a “mill”, but a “paper manufactory”.
Donald Hill has identified a possible reference to a water-powered paper mill in Samarkand, in the 11th-century work of the Persian scholar Abu Rayhan Biruni, but concludes that the passage is “too brief to enable us to say with certainty” that it refers to a water-powered paper mill.While this is seen by Halevi nonetheless as evidence of Samarkand first harnessing waterpower in the production of paper, he concedes that it is not known if waterpower was applied to papermaking elsewhere across the Islamic world at the time;Burns remains altogether sceptical given the isolated occurrence of the reference and the prevalence of manual labour in Islamic papermaking elsewhere.
The earliest certain evidence to a water-powered paper mill dates to 1282 in the Spanish Kingdom of Aragon.A decree by the Christian king Peter III addresses the establishment of a royal “molendinum”, a proper hydraulic mill, in the paper manufacturing centre of Xtiva.The crown innovation appears to be resented by the local Muslim papermakering community; the document guarantees the Muslim subjects the right to continue their way of traditional papermaking by beating the pulp manually and grants them the right to be exempted from work in the new mill.Papermaking centres began to multiply in the late 13th century in Italy, reducing the price of paper to one sixth of parchment and then falling further; papermaking centers reached Germany a century later.
The first paper mill north of the Alps was established in Nuremberg by Ulman Stromer in 1390; it is later depicted in the lavishly illustrated Nuremberg Chronicle.From the mid-14th century onwards, European paper milling underwent a rapid improvement of many work processes.
Fiber sources
See also: wood pulp and deinking
Before the industrialisation of the paper production the most common fibre source was recycled fibres from used textiles, called rags. The rags was from hemp, linen and cotton.A process for removing printing inks from recycled paper was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774.Today this method is called deinking. It was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper production was not dependent on recycled materials.
19th century advances in papermaking
Although cheaper than vellum, paper remained expensive, at least in book-sized quantities, through the centuries, until the advent of steam-driven paper making machines in the 19th century, which could make paper with fibres from wood pulp. Although older machines predated it, the Fourdrinier paper making machine became the basis for most modern papermaking. Nicholas Louis Robert of Essonnes, France, was granted a patent for a continuous paper making machine in 1799. At the time he was working for Leger Didot with whom he quarrelled over the ownership of the invention. Didot sent his brother-in-law, John Gamble, to meet Sealy and Henry Fourdrinier, stationers of London, who agreed to finance the project. Gamble was granted British patent 2487 on 20 October 1801. With the help particularly of Bryan Donkin, a skilled and ingenious mechanic, an improved version of the Robert original was installed at Frogmore, Hertfordshire, in 1803, followed by another in 1804. A third machine was installed at the Fourdriniers’ own mill at Two Waters. The Fourdriniers also bought a mill at St Neots intending to install two machines there and the process and machines continued to develop.
However, experiments with wood showed no real results in the late 18th-century and at the start of the 19th-century. By 1800, Matthias Koops (in London, England) further investigated the idea of using wood to make paper, and in 1801 he wrote and published a book titled Historical account of the substances which have been used to describe events, and to convey ideas, from the earliest date, to the invention of paper.His book was printed on paper made from wood shavings (and adhered together). No pages were fabricated using the pulping method (from either rags or wood). He received financial support from the royal family to make his printing machines and acquire the materials and infrastructure need to start his printing business. But his enterprise was short lived. Only a few years following his first and only printed book (the one he wrote and printed), he went bankrupt. The book was very well done (strong and had a fine appearance), but it was very costly.
Then in the 1830s and 1840s, two men on two different continents took up the challenge, but from a totally new perspective. Both Charles Fenerty and Friedrich Gottlob Keller began experiments with wood but using the same technique used in paper making; instead of pulping rags, they thought about pulping wood. And at about the same time, by mid-1844, they announced their findings. They invented a machine which extracted the fibres from wood (exactly as with rags) and made paper from it. Charles Fenerty also bleached the pulp so that the paper was white. This started a new era for paper making. By the end of the 19th-century almost all printers in the western world were using wood in lieu of rags to make paper.
Together with the invention of the practical fountain pen and the mass-produced pencil of the same period, and in conjunction with the advent of the steam driven rotary printing press, wood based paper caused a major transformation of the 19th century economy and society in industrialized countries. With the introduction of cheaper paper, schoolbooks, fiction, non-fiction, and newspapers became gradually available by 1900. Cheap wood based paper also meant that keeping personal diaries or writing letters became possible and so, by 1850, the clerk, or writer, ceased to be a high-status job.
The original wood-based paper was acidic due to the use of alum and more prone to disintegrate over time, through processes known as slow fires. Documents written on more expensive rag paper were more stable. Mass-market paperback books still use these cheaper mechanical papers (see below), but book publishers can now use acid-free paper for hardback and trade paperback books.

Chemicals for papermaking

webadmin — Fri, 10 May 2024 05:16:15 +0000

There are various kinds of paper product,different paper product has different characteristics.Chemicals are necessary for their characteristics when paper machine produces the paper.The following are some common chemicals in papermaking.
Optical brightener
Optical brightener is used to make paper appear more white. Optical brightening agents use fluorescence to absorb invisible radiation from the ultraviolet part of the light spectrum and re-emit the radiation as light in the visible blue range. The optical brightening agent thus generates blue light that is added to the reflected light. The additional blue light offsets the yellowish tinge that would otherwise exist in the reflected light characteristics. It thus increases the brightness of the material (when the illumination includes ultraviolet radiation).
Pigment
Pigments that absorb in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum can be added. As the dye absorbs light, the brightness of the paper will decrease, unlike the effect of an optical brightening agent. To increase whiteness, a combination of pigments and optical brightening agent are often used. The most commonly used pigments are blue and violet dyes.
Retention agent
Retention agent is added to bind fillers to the paper. Fillers, such as calcium carbonate, usually have a weak charged surface. The retention agent is a polymer with high cationic, positively charged groups. An additional feature of a retention means to accelerate the dewatering in the wire section of the paper. Polyethyleneimine and polyacrylamide are examples of chemicals used.
Caustic soda
Caustic soda is added to increase the pH in the pulping process of fibers. The higher pH of the paper fiber solution causes the fibers to smoothen and swell, which is important for the grinding process of the fibers.
Sizing agent
Internal sizing of paper, most paper types must have some water-resistance in order to have a specific writing quality and / or printability. Until 1980 mainly a rosin in combination with alum was used. When the paper industry started using chalk instead of china clay as filler, the paper chemistry had to switch to a neutral process. Today mainly AKD (alkyl ketene dimer) and ASA (alkenyl succinic anhydride) are used.
Wet strength additive
Wet strength additives ensure that when the paper becomes wet, it retains its strength. This is especially important in a tissue paper. Typical chemicals used are as epichlorohydrin, melamine, urea formaldehyde and polyimines. These substances polymerize in the paper and result in construction of a strengthening network.
Dry strength additive
Dry strength additives, or dry strengthening agents are chemicals that improve paper strength of normal or not wet condition. Those strength including compression strength, bursting strength, tensile breaking strength, delamination resistance etc. Typical chemicals used are as cationic starch and polyacrylamide (PAM) delivertives. These substances act as binder of fibers, often under aid of aluminum ion in paper sheet.
Cationic starch
To enhance the paper strength, cationic starch is added to wet pulp in the manufacturing process. Starch has a similar chemical structure as the cellulose fibre of the pulp, and the surface of both the starch and fibre are negatively charged. By adding cationic (positive charged) starch, the fibre can bind with the starch and thus also increase the interconnections between the fibres. The positively-charged portion of the starch is usually formed by quaternary ammonium cations. Quaternary salts that are used include 2.3-epoxy propyl trimethyl ammoniumchloride (EPTAC, also known as or Glytac Quab) and (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC, also known as Quat 188).
Mineral Fillers
China Clay, Calcium carbonate
Coating binders
Styrene butadiene latex, Styrene acrylic, dextrin, oxidized starch
Pulping chemicals
For the production of chemical pulp from wood chips, following chemicals can be used:
Caustic soda, Sodium sulfide for the Kraft process
Sulfurous acid for the Sulfite process
Caustic soda, Anthraquinone for the Soda pulping
Bleaching chemicals
Sodium dithionite, Chlorine dioxide, Hydrogen peroxide, Ozone
Bleaching additives
Sodium silicate
Sequestering agents: EDTA, DTPA

450m/min two wire paper machine for kraft paper fluting paper,testliner put into production in Sri Lanka

webadmin — Sat, 23 Mar 2024 05:40:08 +0000

3600mm Two Wire Paper Machine
Paper Machine design:
Output: Fluting paper/Kraft paper/Testliner
Basic weight:90-220gsm
Design speed: 450m/min
Trim width: 3600mm
Working speed:400m/min
Capacity:250TPD
Location: Sri Lanka

Paper Types-Tissue paper

webadmin — Sat, 10 Feb 2024 05:14:58 +0000

Tissue pper is a lightweight paper or, light crepe paper. Tissue can be made both from virgin and recycled paper pulp.
Properties
Key properties are: Absorbency, basis weight, thickness (bulk), brightness, stretch, appearance and comfort.
Production
Main article: Fourdrinier machine
Tissue paper is produced on a paper machine that has a single large steam heated drying cylinder (yankee dryer) fitted with a hot air hood. The raw material is paper pulp. The yankee cylinder is sprayed with adhesives to make the paper stick. Creping is done by the yankee’s doctor blade that is scraping the dry paper off the cylinder surface. The crinkle (creping) is controlled by the strength of the adhesive, geometry of the doctor blade, speed difference between the yankee and final section of the paper machine and paper pulp characteristics.
The highest water absorbing applications are produced with a through air drying (TAD) process. These papers contain high amounts of NBSK and CTMP. This gives a bulky paper with high wet tensile strength and good water holding capacity.The TAD process uses about twice the energy compared with conventional drying of paper.
The properties are controlled by pulp quality, creping and additives (both in base paper and as coating). The wet strength is often an important parameter for tissue paper.
Applications
Hygienic tissue paper
Hygienic tissue paper is commonly used for facial tissue (paper handkerchiefs), napkins, bathroom tissue and household towels. Paper has been used for hygiene purposes for centuries, but tissue paper as we know it today was not produced in USA before the mid-1940s. In Western Europe large scale industrial production started in the beginning of 1960s.
Facial tissues
A box of facial tissues
Facial tissue (paper handkerchiefs) refers to a class of soft, absorbent, disposable paper that is suitable for use on the face. The term is commonly used to refer to the type of facial tissue, usually sold in boxes, that is designed to facilitate the expulsion of nasal mucus from the nose although it may refer to other types of facial tissues including napkins and wipes.
The first tissue handkerchiefs were introduced in the 1920s. They have been refined over the years, especially for softness and strength, but their basic design has remained constant. Today each person in Western Europe uses about 200 tissue handkerchiefs a year, with a variety of ‘alternative’ functions including the treatment of minor wounds, the cleaning of face and hands and the cleaning of spectacles.
The importance of the paper tissue on minimising the spread of an infection has been highlighted in light of fears over a swine flu epidemic. In the UK, for example, the Government ran a campaign called Catch it, bin it, kill it, which encouraged people to cover their mouth with a paper tissue when coughing or sneezing.
Paper towels
Paper towels are the second largest application for tissue paper in the consumer sector. This type of paper has usually a basis weight of 20 to 24 g/m2. Normally such paper towels are two-ply. This kind of tissue can be made from 100% chemical pulp to 100% recycled fibre or a combination of the two. Normally, some long fibre chemical pulp is included to improve strength.
Wrapping Tissue
Wrapping tissue is a type of thin, translucent paper used for wrapping presents and cushioning fragile items.
Toilet Tissue
Rolls of toilet paper have been available since the end of the 19th century. Today, more than 20 billion rolls of toilet tissue are used each year in Western Europe.
Table napkins
Table napkins can be made of tissue paper. These are made from one up to four plies and in a variety of qualities, sizes, folds, colours and patterns depending on intended use and prevailing fashions. The composition of raw materials varies a lot from deinked to chemical pulp depending on quality. Tablet tissue papers also available in the market.
The Industry
Out of the world’s estimated production of 21 million tonnes of tissue, Europe produces approximately six million tonnes.
The European tissue market is worth approximately 10 billion Euros annually and is growing at a rate of around 3%. The European market represents around 23% of the global market. Of the total paper and board market tissue accounts for 10%. In North America, people are consuming around three times as much tissue as in Europe.[7]
In Europe, the industry is represented by The European Tissue Symposium (ETS), a trade association. The members of ETS represent the majority of tissue paper producers throughout Europe and about 90% of total European tissue production. ETS was founded in 1971 and is based in Brussels since 1992.
Sustainability
The paper tissue industry, along with the rest of the paper manufacturing sector, has worked hard to minimise its impact on the environment. Recovered fibres now represent some 46.5% of the paper industry’s raw materials. The industry relies heavily on biofuels (about 50% of its primary energy) and it is highly energy-efficient. Its specific primary energy consumption has decreased by 16% and the specific electricity consumption has decreased by 11%, due to measures such as improved process technology and investment in combined heat and power (CHP). Specific carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels decreased by 25% due to process-related measures and the increased use of low-carbon and biomass fuels. Once consumed, most forest-based paper products start a new life as recycled material or biofuel
EDANA, the trade body for the non-woven absorbent hygiene products industry (which includes products such as household wipes for use in the home) has reported annually on the industry’s environmental performance since 2005. The industry’s impact on the environment is, in fact, relatively small. For example, less than 1% of all commercial wood production ends up as wood pulp in absorbent hygiene products. In addition, the industry contributes less than 0.5% of all solid waste and around 2% of municipal solid waste (MSW) compared with paper and board, garden waste and food waste which each comprise between 18 and 20 percent of MSW.
There has been a great deal of interest, in particular, in the use of recovered fibres to manufacture new tissue paper products. However, whether this is actually better for the environment than using new fibres is open to question. A Life Cycle Assessment study indicated that neither fibre type can be considered environmentally preferable. In this study both new fibre and recovered fibre offer environmental benefits and shortcomings.
Total environmental impacts vary case by case, depending on for example the location of the tissue paper mill, availability of fibres close to the mill, energy options and waste utilization possibilities. There are opportunities to minimise environmental impacts when using each fibre type.
The Confederation of European Paper Industries has published reports focusing on the industry’s environmental credentials. In 2002, it noted that a little over 60% of the pulp and paper produced in Europe comes from mills certified under one of the internationally recognised eco-management schemes.There are a number of ‘eco-labels’ designed to help consumers identify paper tissue products which meet such environmental standards. Eco-labelling entered mainstream environmental policy-making in the late seventies, first with national schemes such as the German Blue Angel programme, to be followed by the Nordic Swan (1989). In 1992 a European eco-labelling regulation, known as the EU Flower, was also adopted. The stated objective is to support sustainable development, balancing environmental, social and economical criteria.

Paper Types-Coated paper

webadmin — Wed, 10 Jan 2024 05:12:50 +0000

Coated paper is paper which has been coated by a compound or polymer to impart certain qualities to the paper, including weight, surface gloss, smoothness or reduced ink absorbency. Kaolinite, calcium carbonate, Bentonite, talc…are used to coat paper for high quality printing used in packaging industry and in magazines. The chalk or china clay is bound to the paper with synthetic viscofiers, such as styrene-butadiene latexes and natural organic binders such as starch. The coating formulation may also contain chemical additives as dispersants, resins, PE: to give water resistance and wet strength to the paper,or to protect against ultraviolet radiation.
Varieties
Machine-finished coated paper
Machine-finished coated paper (MFC) has a basis weight of 48-80 g/m2. They have good surface properties, high print gloss and adequate sheet stiffness. MFC papers are made of 60-85% groundwood or TMP and 15-40% chemical pulp with a total pigment content of 20-30%. The paper can be soft nip calendered or supercalendered.These are often used in paperbacks.
Coated fine paper
Coated fine paper or woodfree coated paper (WFC) are mainly produced for offset printing:
Standard coated fine papers
This paper quality is normally used for advertising materials, books, annual reports and high quality catalogs. Grammage ranges from 90-170 g/m2 and ISO brightness between 80-96%. The fibre furnish consists of more than 90% chemical pulp. Total pigment content are in the range 30-45%, where calcium carbonate and clay are the most common.
Low coat weight papers
These paper grades have lower coat weights than the standard WFC (3-14 g/m2/side) and the grammage and pigment content are also generally lower, 55-135 g/m2 and 20-35% respectively.
Art papers
Art papers are one of the highest quality printing papers and are used for illustrated books, calendars and brochures. The grammage varies from 100 to 230 g/m2. These papergrades are triple coated with 20 – > 40 g/m2/side and have matte or glossy finish. Higher qualities often contain cotton.
Others
Other types of paper coatings include polyethylene or polyolefin extrusion coating, silicone, and wax coating to make release liners, paper cups and photographic paper. Biopolymer coatings are available as more sustainable alternatives to common petrochemical coatings.